Forests: Repairing the Natural World

Deborah Chisale, Katowo School

FYF supports schools in Malawi to establish tree nurseries that will act as a resource base for communities.

June 5th is World Environment Day. A couple of days ago UNEP published a report, in the lead up to WED making an Economic Case for Repairing the Natural World.

The report cites the fact that, in Vietnam “planting and protecting nearly 12,000 hectares of mangroves has cost just over $1 million but saved annual expenditure on dyke maintenance of well over $7 million” as one example of the fact that “compared to loss of ecosystem services, well-planned restorations may provide cost benefit ratios of 3 75 in terms of return on investment.”

On May 20th I attended an Earthwatch Institute lecture on the regeneration of forests with talks by Dr Mark Huxham from Napier University and Dr Glen Reynolds from the Royal Society’s South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Some of the key points made by the speakers underline, I think, the need for an amplification of the purely ‘economic’ focus of the report. Both Huxham and Reynolds spoke of the conflict between the ecological services provided by forests such as protection from erosion and water management that forests provide to many in the area (as well as their importance in fighting the battle against climate change) and the private benefits to the few from destruction of the forests for logging and alternative uses such as palm oil or shrimp farming.

In working with tribal people in India, FYF has found that forests have been degraded by logging and industrial development. This seriously impacts on the livelihoods of the indigenous population who depend on non-timber forest produce for food, medicine and craft activities which can provide a small income. Where forests have economic value for logging or as wildlife reserves, tribal people are often moved out of or kept out of the forests where their families have lived for generations. Having been deprived of education they find it difficult to fight the legal battles to retain or regain access to the forests. In Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh and Jkarkhand FYF supports tribal people to restore their rights to access forests for sustainable use and manage them as a community.

Meanwhile in Malawi much of the forest cover has been depleted by the pressures of a growing population for land for homes, agriculture and firewood. We support communities to regenerate local forests to provide protection from erosion, a sustainable source of firewood and help the land to store what rain does fall.

World People’s Conference on Climate Change

This piece was posted by FYF Communications Intern Tahsina Rumman Khan.

I was glad to see that, at the World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth in Cochabamba last week, the focus was finally being placed on listening to the voices of the poor.

After the deep disappointment of the Copenhagen Climate Summit which failed to delineate adequate policies for addressing some of the worst effects of climate change, and which was, arguably, merely a rich man’s club and a chance to burn air miles, last week’s conference and its wider movement comes at a welcome point in time.

For the 65% of people in sub-Saharan Africa who rely on agriculture to feed their families, issues relating to climate change and food security are critical in deciding what lies in store for them over the coming years.  

The World People’s Conference acknowledged the effects of agribusiness on climate change, and assessed all the methods and procedures used in agribusiness, underlining the need to respect Mother Earth and its resources. The ideas and visions came from the people themselves, illustrating the stark contrast to the top-down approach used by the UN Climate talks.

Visit the World People’s Conference website to read more.

Business as usual is not an option

As the UK election is approaching, Find Your Feet is one of the 188 organisations that joined the Vote Global manifesto.

One of the key demands in the Vote Global manifesto is that the UK government support the poorest countries to adapt to and mitigate against climate change, ensuring that this funding is additional to official development assistance. 

Poor people living in rural areas, who depend on farming to feed their families, are already suffering the effects of climate change. Their crops are failing more frequently, meaning that they are seriously struggling to grow enough to survive.

In the wake of the World Food Crisis, over the past couple of years debates have raged as to how we can best feed the world.  A 2007 intergovernmental report, co-sponsored by 7 UN agencies including the Food and Agriculture Organisation, World Health Organisation and World Bank suggested that a ‘business as usual’ approach to agriculture was not sufficient. However there is little evidence that different approaches to agriculture are seriously being considered.

The approaches I am talking about are, in fact, centuries old. Early farming systems were characterised by diversity – depending on a wide range of plants and animals for food. In fact there is still there is successful farming going on in many countries that makes good use of polycultures; land husbandry practices such as crop and field rotation, composting and use of legumes; and of ‘traditional’ varieties of seed bred for resilience across a range of conditions. This agricultural approach, which is broadly termed ‘agroecology’ is productive, resilient in the face of environmental shocks, and less dependent on fossil fuels; it also offers consumers a source of good quality healthy food and offers farmers fulfilment as valued members of a community.

Whilst the industrial agricultural approaches regarded as exemplary in the twentieth century have reduced the drudgery of agriculture, and in many cases increased production, there have also been great environmental costs. Industrial agriculture, which is characterised by the use of non-renewable resources that deplete the environment, constitutes our recent past. It cannot, however, be our future.

Agroecology challenges us to move beyond the narrow focus of ‘Green Revolution’-type approaches that privilege production over all other criteria, to a more coherent, sustainable, vision for the future. It is both conservative when it comes to the potential over utilisation of environmental resources and radical in its protection of the rights of small family farmers and its promotion of a new paradigm for agriculture – one that recognises the interconnections between food, farm, family and notions of a just society, not just ever increasing production.

At this election we would like to see a real recognition of the fact that, in the light of the pressures of climate change, ‘business as usual is not an option.’ In considering how we are going to support the poorest countries to adapt to and mitigate against climate change there needs to be space for a serious consideration of how exactly this ‘additional’ funding will be used.

Dr. Dan Taylor is Director of Find Your Feet

REDD: What would it mean for the tribal communities?

At a first glance Reducing Carbon Emissions through Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) seems to be the ideal solution for conserving the forest environment and tackling climate change, what with its attractive incentives, mutual benefits and ‘green’ goals. With its innovative approach, it plays by the rules of the free market. REDD aims to increase the value of trees as standing rather than cut, the idea being that if people are rewarded for managing the forest, they will have more incentive to sustain it.

Tribal man in Chhattisgarh - What will REDD do for him?

REDD is an initiative adopted by several countries and could rapidly become a global strategy, as the likes of UNEP and World Bank are encouraging countries to employ it.

The Indian government is very keen to use REDD strategies to sustain its forests. But have they considered the sustainability of the livelihoods of adivasis, where forest produce is their sole source of income?

Living on the fringes of society tribal people struggle to make sure that their rights are fulfilled. For instance, the 2006 Forest Rights Act gives land rights, use rights and protection and conservation rights to forest dwellers and people dependent on forest resources. These individual and community rights are either not acknowledged or are simply repressed by the government officials, which indicates that REDD will merely increase the rate of land grabbing and illegal eviction of indigenous people, leaving them even more deprived and vulnerable than before.

What the REDD scheme overlooks is the motivation factor i.e. financial gain. This is an arena waiting to be exploited by large corporations and corrupt government officials. Rewards of finance and carbon credits will encourage government agencies to repress the community voices and interests in order to give private companies access to the forest lands.

Further commodification of forest resources, according to REDD’s strategy, is not the solution. An effective method for tackling these issues would be to ensure that the government of India implements and respects the existing legislations in India.

Astami Sarder - Will she be able to participate in devising REDD strategies?


REDD is rapidly becoming an influential strategy. But who will reap the benefits? The impoverished communities who are marginalised from mainstream dominant society or the powerful players who would be able to manipulate the game and exploit the loopholes for financial profits?

Participation of tribal people in any decisions made about forest management is the legitimate way to control climate change. Otherwise, however noble the intention may be, climate justice will inevitably lead to grave injustice to the tribal people.

What does Copenhagen mean to me?

FYF Director Dr Dan Taylor reflects in The Evening Standard online:

We are standing at a crossroads. We look back at a period of food, fuel and finance crises, and forward to an even more uncertain future, overshadowed by the issue of global warming. The need for mitigation and adaptation in the face of long-term uncertainty, together with the need for a transition to a low carbon economy remains upmost in the minds of our political leaders as COP15 approaches.

So what do we want the world to look like in the future? The recurring mantra of business as usual is not an option has become an integral part of this policy discourse. It appears in a number of reports ranging from agriculture through to climate change to the global economy. But what does it mean?

For us at Find Your Feet it means an answer to a very specific question. What will the impact on poor rural families, particularly those dependent on agriculture, be? Globally, already over a million people go hungry, a number that is gradually rising as climatic unpredictability becomes the norm. That the voices of these people need to be heard in corridors of power is clear, but what is less clear is the impact that our uncertain future will have on their lives and livelihoods. Poor farmers mitigate risk in a number of ways: crop diversification, sequential planting, polycultures and mixed farming, some moving off farm to find temporary or even permanent employment. Despite the steady decrease in the global rural population the majority of the global poor are rurally-based and most rural people are dependent on the food they produce.

Given longer term uncertainty we suggest some priority areas for action:

1. Greater investment in agricultural research that links agricultural and the environment – agroecological systems that can sequestrate carbon.
2. Early warning systems to alert farmers to expected climatic variability.
3. More appropriate participatory farmer support
4. Plant breeding for resilience rather than yield
5. Promotion of ‘minor’ crops which are ‘major’ crops in the eyes of the poor
6. Protection for the agricultural markets of the poor
7. Agrarian reform which promotes the rights of smallholder farmers
8. A greater acknowledgement of the role of women in agriculture.
9. Greater awareness of the multifunctionality of agriculture. Agriculture is not just about production, it is also about culture, resource (biodiversity) conservation and livelihoods.

This calls for a new vision for agriculture, one that can produce food, sequestrate carbon, enhance livelihoods and ultimately conserve our planet for posterity. But what can we expect out of Copenhagen? Not much would be our answer. But we hope that the link between agriculture, food security and climate change will not be lost as all attention is focussed on the latter.

Protecting soils to help combat climate change

This piece was posted by Mahara, Agriculture Coordinator of the FAIR programme in Malawi in response to an article in Alertnet.

I am the Agriculture Coordinator of FAIR Programme in Malawi jointly funded by Find Your Feet(UK), Self Help Africa (UK)and Development Fund of Norway.

Zambia is our neighbour so the weather pattern is similar and the effects of climate change have no significant differences.

FAIR Programme activities are similar with what has been raised in your report and I want to agree by giving examples when it comes to creating water-holding soil basins, reducing tilling and planting trees that help fertilize but let me also add use of manure may help the continent’s small farmers cope up with effects of climate change.

The programme has been promoting sustainable agriculture activities that include agroforestry practices,soil and water conservation, use of manure, small scale irrigation, crop diversification etc. but at the time being I will comment on use of manure on maize planted on ridges and in pits.

For the past three years we have been demonstrating use of manure on maize planted on ridges and pits comparing it with maize treated with inorganic fertiliser (Urea & 23: 21:0). Bokash and Liquid manure has been used for Bassal and Top dressing respectively as analysis of the two has shown that they have higher nutrient content and are lesser labour demanding in making.

During a dry spell, maize applied to inorganic fertliser suffered more moisture stress than maize applied to manure. While maize planted in pits seemed to have not suffered at all.

Maize Pit planting is a technology where maize is planted in pits of 30 cm deep, 45cm apart and 55cm between rows. The pits are filled 20l decomposed manure mixed with sub soil. 5 plants are planted per pit. Same pits can be used for four years. Pits act as basins and coupled with manure(holds water like a sponge)the result is more water conserved for crop use. The soil is not disturbed for the next 4 years or more.

Current average yields realized by smallholder farmers in Malawi ranges 1,400- 2400 kg/ ha for open pollinated maize varieties.(Guide to Agriculture Production; 1994).Yet yield results from 2008/09 Trials and demos where manure only was used on ridges were at 3.8 mt/ ha and where pits were used it almost doubled to 5mt/ ha and 3mt/ ha were recorded where fertiliser only was used on ridges of the same maize variety .

Etlida Luhanga from Rumphi district of the northern part of Malawi was one of the farmers that practiced Pit planting last year. She says because of good results more than 10 farmers have followed her in the technology this year.

So let me agree that technologies that will help less disburbing of the soils while conserving more water and adding organic matter to the soil may help farmers adapt to the effects of climate change.

Deliberating costs lives

There have been a couple of disheartening developments this week.
The World Food Summit in Rome represents an opportunity for world leaders to address the growing food security crisis. However it looks likely that leaders will be signing a vague declaration which lacks targets or deadlines for actions to reduce global hunger.

This strikes a familiar tune. Time has apparently run out for securing a legally binding climate deal at Copenhagen. On Sunday Barak Obama backed plans to delay a formal pact on climate change until next year. This will have a serious effect on food security. As UN Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon said in his opening speech at the World Food Summit “there can be no food security without climate security.”

1 in 6 people on the planet are already facing life-threatening hunger. Lack of targets and delayed deadlines could spell disaster for many more people living in developing countries. These aren’t just statistics – these are people’s lives.

Help challenge this situation! Here are a few things you can do. They may not seem significant but they are all a part of a vital wave for change.
• Make sure that the voices of some of the world’s poorest people are heard: Embed/ post/ e-mail a link our video ‘Climate change: Listening to the voices of rural women’
• Participate in The Wave on December 5th.
• Find out where The Age of Stupid is showing near you and go along with all your friends.

Put People First G20 Counter Conference

Put People First G20 Counter Conference
November 7, 10:00 – 17:30
Central Hall Westminster, SW1H 9NH

Put People First

In March, we marched in our tens of thousands to demand the G20 Put People First. Far from putting people first we’ve seen nothing but a tinkering around the margins followed by the return to business as usual.

On Nov 7, as the G20 returns to the UK, the agenda on the table nurses an already failed economic model back to life, whilst looking to stitch up an unjust international climate deal outside the UN process.

They bailed out the banks to the tune of billions, and now the only choice offered is between what cuts are made to pay for it.

Government intervention to create a Green New Deal is slipping off the agenda, and yet strong alliances are forming – for example environmentalists and trade unionists have been standing side by side at Vestas to save the UK’s largest wind turbine factory.

- In the run up to Copenhagen, how do we get a global agreement on climate that truly puts climate justice at its heart?
- How do we respond to the jobs crisis and growing poverty around the world
- How do we ensure the global green new deal the world needs?
- How we do we show that cuts are not the only option, and demonstrate what Putting People First really look like?

This counter-conference will bring together academics, activists, campaigners, unions, policy makers and YOU to share ideas on what the alternatives are to cuts, cuts and more cuts, and how we must organise across our issues, of jobs, justice and climate, to make the alternative the reality.
Register now

Voices of Rural Women on Climate Change

“The special perspective of women is often overlooked in global discussions on climate change.” UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon

Today (October 15th) is Blog Action Day. This year bloggers have decided to create discussion around climate change, in the lead up to Copenhagen this December.

Today is also Rural Women’s Day. This international day was established with the aim of recognizing “the critical role and contribution of rural women, including indigenous women, in enhancing agricultural and rural development, improving food security and eradicating rural poverty.”

Women’s ‘critical role’ in producing and providing food for their families means that they are most adversely affected by climate change and that they are already developing innovative ways to adapt.

Why don’t you take a look at this video I made after my trip to India earlier this year. In the video women in rural India share their stories about the way climate change is affecting them. The video also shows the innovative ways these women are finding to adapt to climate change.

Help us to continue supporting women in rural areas to adapt to some of the worst effects of climate change. Donate now.

Sustainable farming shrinks carbon footprint

I came across this interesting post by Laetitia Mailhes on ‘Earth from Above’: “Regenerative farming can provide us with a lot more than the delicious and healthy food that more of us are increasingly coming to love and value. Sustainable farming practices shrink the carbon footprint of agriculture AND help reduce the amount of carbon already present in the atmosphere. According to conservative estimates, land farmed sustainably can store 10% to 15% of the carbon emissions we produce each year.” Read more